Kristen Choi

Heart failure affects people of all ages and is a leading cause of death for both men and women in most racial and ethnic groups in the United States. Infections are common causes of hospitalizations in heart failure, with respiratory infections as the most frequent diagnosis. Vaccinations provide significant protection against preventable respiratory infections. Despite being an easily accessible intervention, prior studies suggest vaccines are underused in patients with heart failure.

An observational study of 5,089 adults with heart failure was conducted using data from an integrated, multicenter, academic health system in Southern California from 2019 to 2022. Logistic regression models were used to determine the rates of influenza, pneumococcal, and COVID-19 vaccination among a population of patients with heart failure (heart failure preserved ejection fraction [HFpEF], heart failure mildly reduced ejection fraction [HFmrEF], and heart failure reduced ejection fraction [HFrEF], and identify whether heart failure phenotype is associated with vaccination status.

Findings: Vaccination rates varied between influenza, pneumococcal, and COVID-19 vaccines. Of the three respiratory vaccines, 58.0 % of patients had received an influenza vaccine, 76.2 % had received a pneumococcal vaccine, and 83.3 % had received a COVID-19 vaccine. There were no sex-based differences by vaccination status. Differences were seen within age, race/ethnicity, insurance type, whether the patient was a member of an Accountable Care Organization (ACO), primary language, Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) score, clinician type, and number of comorbidities. Patients with HFpEF and HFmrEF had higher vaccination rates than HFrEF. In adjusted models, patients with HFrEF had lower odds of being vaccinated for influenza, pneumococcal, and COVID compared to patients with HFpEF.

Patients with HFrEF had the lowest levels of respiratory vaccination compared to other specified heart failure categories. Interventions are needed to increase vaccination education and offerings, especially to patients with HFrEF.
 

Authors identify relationships between social determinants of mental health service utilization and outcomes among Asian American cancer survivors in the United States (U.S.).

Authors performed a systematic literature search in PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Embase for peer-reviewed studies between January 2000 and May 2024. Based on the Healthy People 2023 framework, social determinants of health (SDOH) were categorized into five SDOH domains. They extracted data using a table of evidence and assessed study quality using the Johns Hopkins Evidence-Based Practice.

Findings: Ten non-experimental studies, with either "High" or "Good" quality, met eligibility criteria. Two examined mental health service utilization, and nine reported mental health outcomes. Seventy percent of the studies recruited samples from the health systems. The rest were from community settings. Seventy percent included the Asian American subgroup, mainly Chinese Americans. Higher education, English proficiency, more years residing in the U.S., and having social support correlated with better psychological quality of life. Higher-income and education levels were associated with more psychotropic medication use. However, zip code levels were used to estimate actual income and education.

Researchers identified significant SDOH factors that influenced mental health outcomes among Asian American cancer survivors. More research is needed to understand the social determinants of mental health service utilization barriers in this population. Allocating more funding to health research tailored to Asian American cancer survivors, along with data disaggregation, standardizing socioeconomic status measures, and diversifying sampling sources, is essential to enhancing their mental health outcomes.

The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of LGBTQ + young people in mental health care and to understand their perspectives on what affirmative mental health care practice should look like. Between June and September of 2023, interviews were conducted with LGBTQ + young people ages 18–26 years in Los Angeles and Seattle. Interviews lasted 30 to 60 min and were transcribed verbatim for thematic analysis.

Findings: Four themes were developed from analysis of the interviews: (1) disconnection from community and self as an impetus for seeking formal mental health care; (2) marginalization during mental health service encounters; (3) the therapeutic power of belonging and mattering in the mental health care system; and (4) mutual human connection as the foundation for affirming mental health care experiences.

Affirmative mental health care was defined by LGBTQ + young adults as free of judgment with priority placed on the therapeutic power of genuine human connection. The need for trans-specific mental health care was also highlighted. Participants also expressed a preference for providers with shared identities and experiences to alleviate feelings of isolation and increase feelings of connectivity.

Mental health providers should emphasize connectivity and empathy to offer affirming care with LGBTQ + clients, such asking about client preferences for care, developing knowledge about sexuality and gender identity, and acknowledging provider limitations or knowledge gaps. Improving access to affirmative mental health care for LGBTQ + young adults (e.g., workforce development, training requirements) is needed to address the disparities in mental health care.
 

Summary: This study examines the impact of gentrification exposure on hypertension and diabetes control. Using data from adults in low-socioeconomic status (SES) areas in 2014, the authors analyze the influence of gentrification occurring between 2015 and 2019 on disease control in 2019, while considering factors such as residential moves, race, ethnicity, and age. 

Findings: Results show that gentrification is associated with improved hypertension control, particularly for non-Hispanic whites and adults over 65. Gentrification is not associated with diabetes control overall, but control improved in the Hispanic subgroup. Disease control outcomes remain consistent across residential moves for the overall sample but vary by race and ethnicity. 

Gentrification may have a positive or neutral effect on cardiometabolic health, depending on the population subgroup. The study recommends collaboration between city leaders and health systems to ensure that neighborhood development aligns with the health needs of all residents and does not worsen health disparities.

Read the Publication

• Journal Article: Association of Neighborhood Gentrification and Residential Moves with Hypertension and Diabetes Control in Los Angeles County, 2014-2019: A retrospective Cohort Study